Diabetes Care publishes special issue, April 2024 featuring ten new articles with important findings from GRADE
Analysis of cardiovascular outcomes confirm modest superiority of liraglutide among people with T2DM at relatively low cardiovascular risk
In GRADE, overall prevalence of retinopathy increased slightly over time, but there were no differences across the 4 study medications
We measured GAD-65 antibodies in a subgroup of GRADE participants and found no association with β-cell dysfunction in GRADE
We observed no difference in kidney outcomes over 5 years across participants randomized to one of 4 glucose-lowering medications added to metformin
The GRADE study was recognized as one of the 2023 Top 10 Clinical Research Achievements by the Clinical Research Forum
Islet Autoimmunity Is Highly Prevalent and Associated With Diminished b-Cell Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
At home “Capillary kits” were developed and used by participants for self-collections of blood and validated for HbA1c testing in the GRADE Study
In GRADE, enrollment goals were met to achieve a nationally representative cohort of the US population of individuals with T2DM less than 10 years duration
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| Publication Date | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2025/05/19 | Luchsinger JA, Rosin SP, Kazemi EJ, Younes N, Suratt CE, Fattaleh BN, Florez HJ, Gonzalez JS, Hollander P, Hox SH, Kuo S, Lee MS, Martens T, Pop-Busui R, Seaquist ER, Waltje AH, Barzilay JI, GRADE Research Group. Glucose-Lowering Medications, Glycemia, and Cognitive Outcomes: The GRADE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Internal Medicine, 2025; Pubmed |
| 2 | 2025/04/24 | Wexler DJ, Garvey WT, Ghosh A, Kazemi EJ, Krause-Steinrauf H, Ahmann AJ, Brown-Friday J, Casula S, Cherrington AL, Elasy TA, Fortmann SP, Krakoff JA, Mudaliar S, Tiktin M, Younes N, GRADE Study Research Group. Weight Gain Was Associated With Worsening Glycemia and Cardiovascular and Kidney Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Independent of Diabetes Medication in the GRADE Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Care, 2025;48(6) Pubmed |
| 3 | 2025/03/20 | Utzschneider KM, Tripputi M, Butera NM, Mari A, Rosin SP, Banerji MA, Bergenstal RM, Brown N, Carlson Anders L, DeFronzo RA, Gramzinski MR, Harindhanavudhi T, Kozedub A, Sivitz WI, Steffes MW, Balasubramanyam A, Rasouli N, GRADE Research Group. Differential Treatment Effects on β-Cell Function Using Model-Based Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE). Diabetes Care, 2025;48(4) Pubmed |
| 4 | 2025/02/20 | Nathan DM. Response to Comment on Nathan et al. Relationship Between Average Glucose Levels and HbA1c Differs Across Racial Groups: A Substudy of the GRADE Randomized Trial. Diabetes Care 2024;47:2155-2163. Diabetes Care, 2025;48(3):e34-e35. Pubmed |
| 5 | 2025/02/14 | Ehrmann D, Krause-Steinrauf H, Uschner D, Wen H, Hoogendoorn CJ, Crespo-Ramos G, Presley C, Arends VL, Cohen RM, Garvey WT, Martens T, Willis HJ, Cherrington A, Gonzalez JS, GRADE Research Group. Differential associations of somatic and cognitive-affective symptoms of depression with inflammation and insulin resistance: cross-sectional and longitudinal results from the Emotional Distress Sub-Study of the GRADE study. Diabetologia, 2025; Pubmed |
| 6 | 2024/11/27 | Nathan DM, Herman WH, Larkin ME, Krause-Steinrauf H, Abou Assi H, Ahmann AJ, Brown-Friday J, Hsia DS, Harindhanavudhi T, Johnson M, Arends VL, Butera NM, Rosin SP, Lachin JM, Younes N, GRADE Study Research Group. Relationship between average glucose levels and HbA1c differs across racial groups: A substudy of the GRADE randomized trial. Diabetes Care, 2024;47(12) Pubmed |
| 7 | 2024/11/15 | Seaquist ER, Phillips LS, Ghosh A, Baker C, Bergenstal RM, Crandall JP, Goland RS, Gramzinski MR, Hox SH, Hsia DS, Johnson ML, Lachin JM, Raskin P, Valencia WM, Waltje AH, Younes N, for the GRADE Study Research Group. Glycemia reduction in type 2 diabetes—Hypoglycemia outcomes: A randomized clinical trial. PLOS ONE, 2024;19(11) Pubmed |
| 8 | 2024/04/01 | Banerji MA, Buse JB, Younes N, Krause-Steinrauf H, Ghazi A, Lee M, Park J, Pop-Busui R, Underkofler C, Fortmann SP, GRADE Research Group. Mortality in Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE). Diabetes Care, 2024;47(4):589-593. Pubmed |
| 9 | 2024/04/01 | Cherrington AL, Bebu I, Krause-Steinrauf H, Hoogendoorn CJ, Crespo-Ramos G, Presley C, Naik AD, Balasubramanyam A, Gramzinski MR, Killean T, Arends VL, Gonzalez JS, GRADE Research Group. Does emotional distress predict worse glycemic control over time? Results from the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE). Diabetes Care, 2024;47(4):620-628. Pubmed |
| 10 | 2024/04/01 | Cherrington AL, Tripputi MT, Younes N, Herman WH, Katona A, Groessl EJ, Craig J, Gonzalez JS, Garg R, Casula S, Kuo S, Florez HJ, GRADE Research Group. Impact of glucose-lowering medications on health-related quality of life in Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE). Diabetes Care, 2024;47(4):603-609. Pubmed |
| 11 | 2024/04/01 | Garvey WT, Cohen RM, Butera NM, Kazemi EJ, Younes N, Rosin SP, Suratt CE, Ahmann A, Hollander PA, Krakoff J, Martin CL, Seaquist E, Steffes MW, Lachin JM, GRADE Research Group. Association of Baseline Factors With Glycemic Outcomes in GRADE: A Comparative Effectiveness Randomized Clinical Trial. Diabetes Care, 2024;47(4):562-570. Pubmed |
| 12 | 2024/04/01 | Gonzalez JS, Bebu I, Krause-Steinrauf H, Hoogendoorn CJ, Crespo-Ramos G, Presley Ca, Naik AD, Kuo S, Johnson ML, Wexler D, Crandall JP, Bantle AE, Arends V, Cherrington AL, GRADE Research Group. Differential effects of Type 2 Diabetes treatment regimens on diabetes distress and depressive symptoms in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE). Diabetes Care, 2024;47(4):610-619. Pubmed |
| 13 | 2024/04/01 | Hollander PA, Krause-Steinrauf H, Butera NM, Kazemi EJ, Ahmann AJ, Fattaleh BN, Johnson ML, Killean T, Lagari VS, Larkin ME, Legowski EA, Rasouli N, Willis HJ, Martin CL, GRADE Research Group. The Use of Rescue Insulin in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE). Diabetes Care, 2024;47(4):638-645. Pubmed |
| 14 | 2024/04/01 | Hoogendoorn CJ, Krause-Steinrauf H, Uschner D, Wen H, Presley CA, Legowski EA, Naik AD, Golden Hill S, Arends VL, Brown-Friday J, Krakoff JA, Suratt CE, Waltje AH, Cherrington AL, Gonzalez JS, GRADE Research Group. Emotional distress predicts reduced type 2 diabetes treatment adherence in Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE). Diabetes Care, 2024;47(4):629-637. Pubmed |
| 15 | 2024/04/01 | Kirkman MS, Tripputi M, Krause-Steinrauf H, Bebu I, AbouAssi H, Burch H, Duran-Valdez E, Florez H, Garvey WT, Hsia DS, Salam M, Pop-Busui R, GRADE Research Group. Comparative effects of randomized second-line therapy for type 2 diabetes on a composite outcome incorporating glycemic control, body weight, and hypoglycemia: an analysis of glycemia reduction approaches in diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE). Diabetes Care, 2024;47(4):594-602. Pubmed |
| 16 | 2024/04/01 | Rasouli N, Younes N, Ghosh A, Albu J, Cohen RM, DeFronzo RA, Diaz E, Sayyed Kassem L, Luchsinger JA, McGill JB, Sivitz WI, Tamborlane WV, Utzschneider KM, Kahn SE, GRADE Research Group. Longitudinal effects of glucose-lowering medications on β-cell responses and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes: The GRADE Randomized Clinical Trial. Diabetes Care, 2024;47(4):580-588. Pubmed |
| 17 | 2024/04/01 | Utzschneider KM, Younes N, Butera NM, Balasubramanyam A, Bergenstal RM, Barzilay J, DeSouza C, DeFronzo RA, Elasy T, Krakoff J, Kahn SE, Rasouli N, Valencia WM, Sivitz WI, GRADE Research Group. Impact of insulin sensitivity and β-Cell function over time on glycemic outcomes in GRADE (Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study): differential treatment effects of dual therapy. Diabetes Care, 2024;47(4):571-579. Pubmed |
| 18 | 2024/02/12 | Green JB, Everett BM, Ghosh A, Younes N, Krause-Steinrauf H, Barzilay J, Desouza C, Inzucchi SE, Pokharel Y, Schade D, Scrymgeour A, Tan MH, Utzschneider KM, Mudaliar S, GRADE Study Research Group. Cardiovascular Outcomes in GRADE (Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study). Circulation, 2024; Pubmed |
| 19 | 2024/02/08 | Hampe CS, Shojaie A, Brooks-Worrell B, Dibay S, Utzschneider KM, Kahn SE, Larkin ME, Johnson ML, Younes N, Rasouli N, Desouza C, Cohen RM, Park JY, Florez HJ, Valencia WM, Stempel R, Palmer JP, Balasubramanyam A, and the GRADE Research Group. GAD65Abs Are Not Associated With Beta-Cell Dysfunction in Patients With T2D in the GRADE Study. Journal Of The Endocrine Society, 2024;8(3) Pubmed |
| 20 | 2024/02/05 | Hsia DS, Younes N, Krause-Steinrauf H, Kassem LS, GRADE Research Group. The incidence of retinopathy in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness study (GRADE). Journal Of Diabetes And Its Complications, 2024;38(3):108692 Pubmed |
| 21 | 2023/07/01 | Luchsinger JA, Kazemi EJ, Sanchez DL, Larkin ME, Valencia WM, Desouza C, Carlson AL, Pop-Busui R, Seaquist ER, Florez HJ, Barzilay J, GRADE Research Group. BMI, insulin sensitivity, and cognition in early type 2 diabetes: The Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md ), 2023;31(7):1812-1824. Pubmed |
| 22 | 2023/06/30 | Crespo-Ramos G, Bebu I, Krause-Steinrauf H, Hoogendoorn CJ, Fang R, Ehrmann D, Presley C, Naik AD, Katona A, Walker EA, Cherrington A, Gonzalez JS, GRADE Research Group. Emotional Distress and Cardiovascular Disease Risk among Participants enrolled in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness (GRADE) Study. Diabetes Research And Clinical Practice, 2023;:110808 Pubmed |
| 23 | 2023/06/17 | Cherrington AL, Krause-Steinrauf H, Aroda V, Buse JB, Fattaleh B, Fortmann SP, Hall S, Hox SH, Kuhn A, Killean T, Loveland A, Phillips LS, Uy Jackson A, Waltje A, McKee MD, GRADE Research Group. Use of comprehensive recruitment strategies in the glycemia reduction approaches in diabetes: A comparative effectiveness study (GRADE) multi-center clinical trial. Clinical Trials (London, England), 2023;:17407745231175919 Pubmed |
| 24 | 2023/05/22 | Wexler DJ, deBoer IH, Ghosh A, Younes N, Bebu I, Inzucchi SE, McGill JB, Mudaliar S, Schade D, Steffes MW, Tamborlane WV, Tan MH, Ismail-Beigi F, for the GRADE Research Group. Comparative Effects of Glucose-Lowering Medications on Kidney Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. JAMA IM, 2023; Pubmed |
| 25 | 2023/04/24 | Gulanski BI, Butera NM, Krause-Steinrauf H, Lichtman JH, Harindhanavudhi T, Green JB, Suratt CE, AbouAssi H, Desouza C, Ahmann AJ, Wexler DJ, Aroda VR, GRADE Research Group. Higher burden of cardiometabolic and socioeconomic risk factors in women with type 2 diabetes: an analysis of the Glycemic Reduction Approaches in Diabetes (GRADE) baseline cohort. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care, 2023;11(2) Pubmed |
| 26 | 2023/04/06 | Ghosh A, Chan W, Younes N, Davis BR. A Dynamic Risk Model for Multitype Recurrent Events. American Journal Of Epidemiology, 2023;192(4):621-631. Pubmed |
| 27 | 2023/03/30 | Seegmiller JC, Schmit DJ, Arends VL, Steffes MW, Kahn SE, Younes N, and the GRADE Research Group. Assessment of circulating insulin using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry during insulin glargine treatment in type 2 diabetes: Implications for estimating insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. Diabetes, Obesity And Metabolism, 2023; Pubmed |
| 28 | 2023/02/01 | Gonzalez JS, Krause-Steinrauf H, Bebu I, Crespo-Ramos G, Hoogendoorn CJ, Naik AD, Waltje A, Walker E, Ehrmann D, Brown-Friday J, Cherrington A, and the GRADE Research Group. Emotional Distress, Self-Management, and Glycemic Control among Participants enrolled in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness (GRADE) Study. Diabetes Research And Clinical Practice, 2023;196:110229 Pubmed |
| 29 | 2023/01/11 | Butera NM, Zeng D, Heiss G, Cai J. Modeling longitudinal change in biomarkers using data from a complex survey sampling design: An application to the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Statistics In Medicine, 2023;42(5):632-655. Pubmed |
| 30 | 2022/09/22 | The GRADE Study Research Group. Glycemia Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes — Glycemic Outcomes. N Engl J Med, 2022;387(12):1063-1074. Pubmed |
| 31 | 2022/09/22 | The GRADE Study Research Group. Glycemia Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes — Microvascular and Cardiovascular Outcomes. N Engl J Med, 2022;387(12):1075-1088. Pubmed |
| 32 | 2022/06/13 | Aroda VR, Krause-Steinrauf K, Kazemi EJ, Buse JB, Gulanski BI, Florez HJ, Ahmann AJ, Loveland A, Kuhn A, Lonier JY, Wexler DJ, and the GRADE Research Group. Clinical and Metabolic Characterization of Adults With Type 2 Diabetes by Age in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE) Cohort. Diabetes Care, 2022; Pubmed |
| 33 | 2022/02/20 | Butera NM, Zeng D, Green Howard A, Gordon‐Larsen P, Cai J. A doubly robust method to handle missing multilevel outcome data with application to the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Statistics In Medicine, 2022;41(4):769-785. Pubmed |
| 34 | 2022/02/01 | Florez HJ, Ghosh A, Pop-Busui R, Hox SH, Underkofler C, Diane McKee MD, Park J, Rhee MK, Killean T, Krause-Steinrauf H, Aroda VR, Wexler DJ, and the GRADE Research Group. Differences in Complications, Cardiovascular Risk Factor, and Diabetes Management among participants enrolled at Veterans Affairs (VA) and Non-VA Medical Centers in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE). Diabetes Research And Clinical Practice, 2022;:109188 Pubmed |
| 35 | 2022/01/21 | Brooks-Worrell B, Hampe CS, Hattery EG, Palomino B, Zangeneh SZ, Utzschneider KM, Kahn SE, Larkin ME, Johnson ML, Mather KJ, Younes N, Rasouli N, Desouza C, Cohen RM, Park JY, Florez HJ, Valencia WM, Shojaie A, Palmer JP, Balasubramanyam A, and the GRADE Beta-Cell Ancillary Study Network. Islet Autoimmunity is Highly Prevalent and Associated With Diminished β-Cell Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in the Grade Study. Diabetes (New York, NY), 2022;71(6):1261-1271. Pubmed |
| 36 | 2021/11/15 | Nathan DM, Krause-Steinrauf H, Braffett BH, Arends VL, Younes N, McGee P, Lund C, Johnson M, Lorenzi G, Gao X, Steffes MW, Lachin JM, GRADE Research Group, DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Comparison of central laboratory HbA1c measurements obtained from a capillary collection versus a standard venous whole blood collection in the GRADE and EDIC studies. PloS One, 2021;16(11) Pubmed |
| 37 | 2021/09/16 | Utzschneider KM, Younes N, Rasouli N, Barzilay JI, Banerji MA, Cohen RM, Gonzalez EV, Ismail-Beigi F, Mather KJ, Raskin P, Wexler DJ, Lachin JM, Kahn SE, The GRADE Research Group. Shape of the OGTT glucose response curve: relationship with β-cell function and differences by sex, race, and BMI in adults with early type 2 diabetes treated with metformin. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care, 2021;9(1) Pubmed |
| 38 | 2021/08/01 | Cherrington AL, Krause-Steinrauf H, Bebu I, Naik AD, Walker E, Golden SH, Gonzalez J, GRADE Research Group. Study of emotional distress in a comparative effectiveness trial of diabetes treatments: Rationale and design. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 2021;107:106366 Pubmed |
| 39 | 2021/07/20 | Luchsinger JA, Younes N, Manly JJ, Barzilay J, Valencia W, Larkin ME, Falck-Ytter C, Krause-Steinrauf H, Pop-Busui R, Florez H, Seaquist E, GRADE Research Group. Association of Glycemia, Lipids, and Blood Pressure With Cognitive Performance in People With Type 2 Diabetes in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study. Diabetes Care, 2021; Pubmed |
| 40 | 2021/05/01 | Utzschneider KM, Younes N, Rasouli Neda, Barzilay J, Banerji MA, Cohen RM, Gonzalez EV, Mather KJ, Ismail-Beigi F, Raskin P, Wexler DJ, Lachin JM, Kahn SE, GRADE Research Group. Association of glycemia with insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in adults with early type 2 diabetes on metformin alone. Journal Of Diabetes And Its Complications, 2021;:107912 Pubmed |
| 41 | 2021/03/01 | Barzilay JI, Ghosh A, Busui RP, Ahmann A, Balasubramanyam A, Banerji MA, Cohen RM, Green J, Ismail-Beigi F, Martin CL, Seaquist E, Luchsinger JA, the GRADE Research Group. The cross-sectional association of cognition with diabetic peripheral and autonomic neuropathy—The GRADE study. J Diabetes Complications, 2021;35(3):107805 Pubmed |
| 42 | 2020/11/26 | Barzilay JI, Younes N, Pop-Busui R, Florez H, Seaquist E, Falck-Ytter C, Luchsinger JA, GRADE Research Group. The cross-sectional association of renal dysfunction with tests of cognition in middle-aged adults with early type 2 diabetes: The GRADE Study. Journal Of Diabetes And Its Complications, 2020;:107805 Pubmed |
| 43 | 2020/07/01 | Mather KJ, Bebu I, Baker C, Cohen RM, Crandall JP, DeSouza C, Green JB, Kirkman MS, Krause-Steinrauf H, Larkin M, Pettus J, Seaquist ER, Soliman EZ, Schroeder EB, Wexler DJ, Pop-Busui R, and the GRADE Research Group. Prevalence of microvascular and macrovascular disease in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes - A Comparative Effectiveness (GRADE) Study cohort. Diabetes Research And Clinical Practice, 2020;165:108235 Pubmed |
| 44 | 2020/05/01 | Sivitz WI, Phillips LS, Wexler DJ, Fortmann SP, Camp AW, Tiktin M, Perez M, Craig J, Hollander PA, Cherrington A, Aroda VR, Tan MH, Krakoff J, Rasouli N, Butera NM, Younes N, and the GRADE Research Group. Optimization of Metformin in the GRADE Cohort: Effect on Glycemia and Body Weight. Diabetes Care, 2020;43(5):940-947. Pubmed |
| 45 | 2020/02/01 | Rasouli N, Younes N, Utzschneider KM, Inzucchi SE, Balasubramanyam A, Cherrington AL, Ismail-Beigi F, Cohen RM, Olson DE, DeFronzo RA, Herman WH, Lachin JM, Kahn SE, and the GRADE Research Group. Association of Baseline Characteristics With Insulin Sensitivity and β-Cell Function in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness (GRADE) Study Cohort. Diabetes Care, 2021;44(2):340-349. Pubmed |
| 46 | 2019/12/01 | Larkin ME, Nathan DM, Bebu I, Krause-Steinrauf H, Herman WH, Higgins JM, Tiktin M, Cohen RM, Lund C, Bergenstal RM, Johnson ML, Arends V, and the GRADE Research Group. Rationale and Design for a GRADE Substudy of Continuous Glucose Monitoring. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, 2019;21(12):682-690. Pubmed |
| 47 | 2019/11/01 | Wexler DJ, Krause-Steinrauf H, Crandall JP, Florez HJ, Hox SH, Kuhn A, Sood A, Underkofler C, Aroda VR, the GRADE Research Group. Baseline Characteristics of Randomized Participants in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE). Diabetes Care, 2019;11(43):2098-2107. Pubmed |
| 48 | 2019/10/25 | Lachin JM, Bebu I. Closed testing of each group versus the others combined in a multiple group analysis. Clinical Trials, 2019;17(1):77-86. Pubmed |
| 49 | 2019/08/01 | Behringer-Massera S, Browne T, George G, Duran S, Cherrington A, McKee MD, and the GRADE Research Group. Facilitators and barriers to successful recruitment into a large comparative effectiveness trial: a qualitative study. Journal Of Comparative Effectiveness Research, 2019;8(10):815-826. Pubmed |
| 50 | 2018/11/30 | Bebu I, Lachin JM. Properties of composite time to first event versus joint marginal analyses of multiple outcomes. Statistics In Medicine, 2018;37(27):3918-3930. Pubmed |
| 51 | 2017/05/01 | Devchand R, Nicols C, Gallivan JM, Tiktin M, Krause-Steinrauf H, Larkin M, Tuncer DM, the GRADE Research Group. Assessment of a National Diabetes Education Program diabetes management booklet: The GRADE experience. Journal Of The American Association Of Nurse Practitioners, 2017;29(5):255-263. Pubmed |
| 52 | 2015/09/22 | Lachin JM. Fallacies of last observation carried forward analyses. Clinical Trials, 2015;13(2):161-168. Pubmed |
| 53 | 2015/09/02 | Lachin JM, Bebu I. Application of the Wei–Lachin multivariate one-directional test to multiple event-time outcomes. Clinical Trials, 2015;12(6):627-633. Pubmed |
| 54 | 2014/10/17 | Lachin JM. Applications of the Wei-Lachin Multivariate One-Sided Test for Multiple Outcomes on Possibly Different Scales.(Research Article). PLoS ONE, 2014;9(10) Pubmed |
| 55 | 2013/05/13 | Lachin JM. Sample size and power for a logrank test and Cox proportional hazards model with multiple groups and strata, or a quantitative covariate with multiple strata. Statistics In Medicine, 2013;32(25):4413-4425. Pubmed |
| 56 | 2013/05/01 | Nathan DM, Buse JB, Kahn SE, Krause-Steinrauf H, Larkin ME, Staten M, Wexler D, Lachin JM, the GRADE Study Research Group. Rationale and design of the glycemia reduction approaches in diabetes: a comparative effectiveness study (GRADE). Diabetes Care, 2013;36(8):2254-2261. Pubmed |
